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<title>Lars Onsager</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lars Onsager</span></h1>

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<p><b>Lars Onsager</b> (* <a href="27._November" title="27. November">27. November</a> <a href="1903" title="1903">1903</a> in Kristiania, heute <a href="Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>; † <a href="5._Oktober" title="5. Oktober">5. Oktober</a> <a href="1976" title="1976">1976</a> in <a href="Coral_Gables" title="Coral Gables">Coral Gables</a> (Florida) in der Nähe von <a href="Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>) war ein norwegischer Physikochemiker und theoretischer Physiker. 1968 wurde er mit dem <a href="Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Chemie" title="Nobelpreis für Chemie">Nobelpreis für Chemie</a> ausgezeichnet.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>

<p>Onsager studierte ab 1920 <a href="Chemieingenieurwesen" title="Chemieingenieurwesen">Chemieingenieurwesen</a> an der Technischen Hochschule in <a href="Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a> (<a href="Norwegen" title="Norwegen">Norwegen</a>), war 1926 bis 1928 Forschungsassistent an der <a href="ETH_Z%C3%BCrich" title="ETH Zürich">ETH Zürich</a> bei <a href="Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a> und erhielt 1928 einen Lehrauftrag an der <a href="Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> in <a href="Providence" title="Providence">Providence</a> (<a href="USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>). Er war von 1934 bis 1973 Professor für <a href="Chemie" title="Chemie">Chemie</a> an der <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in <a href="New_Haven_(Connecticut)" title="New Haven (Connecticut)">New Haven</a> (USA), zunächst als Assistant Professor, ab 1940 als Associate Professor und ab 1945 als <i>J. Willard Gibbs</i> Professor für theoretische Chemie. Danach war er von 1972 bis 1976 Professor am <i>Center for Theoretical Studies</i> der <a href="University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a> in <a href="Coral_Gables" title="Coral Gables">Coral Gables</a> nahe <a href="Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>.

</p><p>Onsager war Mitglied der norwegischen, schwedischen und niederländischen Akademien der Wissenschaften, der <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, der <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (AAAS, 1949) und der <a href="Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Er war Mitglied der <a href="American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, der <a href="American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>, der <a href="American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a> (1933), der <a href="American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> (1959) und der Bunsengesellschaft. Er erhielt die Rumford Gold Medal der AAAS, die Lorentz Medal der niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und die <a href="National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> der USA.

</p><p>Ihm zu Ehren ist der <a href="Lars-Onsager-Preis" title="Lars-Onsager-Preis">Lars-Onsager-Preis</a> benannt und die <a href="Lars_Onsager_Lecture_and_Professorship" title="Lars Onsager Lecture and Professorship">Lars Onsager Lecture and Professorship</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leistungen">Leistungen</h2></div>

<p>Onsager erhielt im Jahre 1968 den Nobelpreis für Chemie für „die Entdeckung der nach ihm benannten wechselseitigen Beziehungen, welche grundlegend für die <a href="Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik">Thermodynamik</a> der irreversiblen Prozesse sind“ (<i><a href="Onsagersche_Reziprozit%C3%A4tsbeziehungen" title="Onsagersche Reziprozitätsbeziehungen">Onsagersche Reziprozitätsbeziehungen</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Onsager arbeitete unter anderem über die <a href="Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Leitfähigkeit">Leitfähigkeit</a> von Lösungen, über <a href="Elektrolyt" title="Elektrolyt">Elektrolyte</a>, über <a href="Thermodynamik" title="Thermodynamik">Thermodynamik</a> und <a href="Statistische_Mechanik" title="Statistische Mechanik">statistische Mechanik</a>, die Theorie der <a href="Turbulente_Str%C3%B6mung" title="Turbulente Strömung">Turbulenz</a> und stellte eine Theorie zur <a href="Isotopentrennung" title="Isotopentrennung">Isotopentrennung</a> auf, die auch Anwendung im <a href="Manhattan-Projekt" title="Manhattan-Projekt">Manhattan-Projekt</a> fand. Eine herausragende Leistung Onsagers war die analytische Beschreibung und exakte Lösung des zweidimensionalen <a href="Ising-Modell" title="Ising-Modell">Ising-Modells</a>, eines wichtigen Modellsystems der <a href="Statistische_Mechanik" title="Statistische Mechanik">statistischen Mechanik</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>Eine Vermutung von Onsager (1949) über die Verletzung der Energieerhaltung (sog. anomale Dissipation) unterhalb einer Schranke für den Exponenten der <a href="H%C3%B6lder-Stetigkeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hölder-Stetigkeit">Hölder-Stetigkeit</a> von einem Drittel bei schwachen Lösungen der inkompressiblen dreidimensionalen <a href="Eulersche_Gleichungen_(Str%C3%B6mungsmechanik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eulersche Gleichungen (Strömungsmechanik)">Eulergleichungen</a> war lange ungelöst. In den 2000er Jahren erzielte man Fortschritte und der vollständige Beweis wurde 2017 durch <a href="Philip_Isett" title="Philip Isett">Philip Isett</a> gegeben. Onsager stellte seine Vermutung als Teil seiner Untersuchungen zur Turbulenz auf und vermutete, dass sich Turbulenz-ähnliche Phänomene schon bei der Eulergleichung, dem Grenzfall der Navier-Stokes-Gleichung ohne innere Reibung (Viskosität), zeigen.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften">Schriften</h2></div>

<ul><li>Per Christian Hemmer (Hrsg.): <i>The collected works of Lars Onsager.</i> World Scientific, 1996.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>

<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lars_Onsager?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Lars Onsager</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1968/summary/">Informationen</a> der <a href="Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1968 an Lars Onsager (englisch)<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/lonsager.pdf">Christopher Longuet-Higgins, Michael Fisher <i>Lars Onsager</i>, Biogr.Memoirs National Academy of Sciences, PDF-Datei</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=111411">Lars Onsager</a> im <a href="Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a> (englisch) <span style="display:none">Vorlage:MathGenealogyProject/Wartung/id verwendet</span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/chemistry/peopleinfo.php?pid=56783">Informationen</a> zu und <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/chemistry/tree.php?pid=56783">akademischer Stammbaum</a> von <i>Lars Onsager</i> bei academictree.org<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>

<ul><li>G. F.: <i>Onsager, Lars.</i> In: <i>Harenberg Lexikon der Nobelpreisträger.</i> Harenberg Lexikon Verlag, Dortmund 1998. S. 382–383.</li>

<li><a href="Heiko_Uecker" title="Heiko Uecker">Heiko Uecker</a>: <i>Alles in einem: Physiker, Chemiker, Mathematiker. Norwegische Nobelpreisträger, Teil 8: Lars Onsager (1903–1976).</i> In: <i>dialog. Mitteilungen der Deutsch-Norwegischen Gesellschaft e. V. Bonn.</i> Band 32, Nr. 42, 2013, S. 16.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lars Onsager: <cite style="font-style:italic">Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes. I.</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Physical Review</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>37</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, 15. Februar 1931, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>405–426</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.37.405">10.1103/PhysRev.37.405</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lars+Onsager&rft.atitle=Reciprocal+Relations+in+Irreversible+Processes.+I.&rft.au=Lars+Onsager&rft.date=1931-02-15&rft.doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.37.405&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.pages=405-426&rft.volume=37" style="display:none"> </span><br>Lars Onsager: <cite style="font-style:italic">Reciprocal Relations in Irreversible Processes. II.</cite> In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Physical Review</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>38</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, 15. Dezember 1931, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2265–2279</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.38.2265">10.1103/PhysRev.38.2265</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lars+Onsager&rft.atitle=Reciprocal+Relations+in+Irreversible+Processes.+II.&rft.au=Lars+Onsager&rft.date=1931-12-15&rft.doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.38.2265&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.pages=2265-2279&rft.volume=38" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lars Onsager: <cite style="font-style:italic">Crystal Statistics. I. A Two-Dimensional Model with an Order-Disorder Transition</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Physical Review</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>65</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3–4</span>, 1. Februar 1944, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>117–149</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.65.117">10.1103/PhysRev.65.117</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lars+Onsager&rft.atitle=Crystal+Statistics.+I.+A+Two-Dimensional+Model+with+an+Order-Disorder+Transition&rft.au=Lars+Onsager&rft.date=1944-02-01&rft.doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.65.117&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3-4&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.pages=117-149&rft.volume=65" style="display:none"> </span><br>Später verbessert mit <a href="Bruria_Kaufman" title="Bruria Kaufman">Bruria Kaufman</a>:<br>Bruria Kaufman: <cite style="font-style:italic">Crystal Statistics. II. Partition Function Evaluated by Spinor Analysis</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Physical Review</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>76</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, 15. Oktober 1949, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1232–1243</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.76.1232">10.1103/PhysRev.76.1232</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lars+Onsager&rft.atitle=Crystal+Statistics.+II.+Partition+Function+Evaluated+by+Spinor+Analysis&rft.au=Bruria+Kaufman&rft.date=1949-10-15&rft.doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.76.1232&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.pages=1232-1243&rft.volume=76" style="display:none"> </span><br>Bruria Kaufman, Lars Onsager: <cite style="font-style:italic">Crystal Statistics. III. Short-Range Order in a Binary Ising Lattice</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Physical Review</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>76</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>8</span>, 15. Oktober 1949, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1244–1252</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.76.1244">10.1103/PhysRev.76.1244</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Lars+Onsager&rft.atitle=Crystal+Statistics.+III.+Short-Range+Order+in+a+Binary+Ising+Lattice&rft.au=Bruria+Kaufman%2C+Lars+Onsager&rft.date=1949-10-15&rft.doi=10.1103%2FPhysRev.76.1244&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.pages=1244-1252&rft.volume=76" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Chemie" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Chemie">Träger des Nobelpreises für Chemie</a></div>

<p>1901: <a href="Jacobus_Henricus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a> |

1902: <a href="Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">E. Fischer</a> |

1903: <a href="Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a> |

1904: <a href="William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a> |

1905: <a href="Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">von Baeyer</a> |

1906: <a href="Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a> |

1907: <a href="Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a> |

1908: <a href="Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> |

1909: <a href="Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a> |

1910: <a href="Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a> |

1911: <a href="Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a> |

1912: <a href="Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="Paul_Sabatier_(Chemiker)" title="Paul Sabatier (Chemiker)">Sabatier</a> |

1913: <a href="Alfred_Werner_(Chemiker)" title="Alfred Werner (Chemiker)">Werner</a> |

1914: <a href="Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a> |

1915: <a href="Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a> |

1916–1917: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1918: <a href="Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a> |

1919: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1920: <a href="Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a> |

1921: <a href="Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> |

1922: <a href="Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Aston</a> |

1923: <a href="Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a> |

1924: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1925: <a href="Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a> |

1926: <a href="The_Svedberg" title="The Svedberg">Svedberg</a> |

1927: <a href="Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a> |

1928: <a href="Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a> |

1929: <a href="Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a> |

1930: <a href="Hans_Fischer_(Chemiker)" title="Hans Fischer (Chemiker)">H. Fischer</a> |

1931: <a href="Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a> |

1932: <a href="Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a> |

1933: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1934: <a href="Harold_C._Urey" title="Harold C. Urey">Urey</a> |

1935: <a href="Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a> |

1936: <a href="Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a> |

1937: <a href="Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a> |

1938: <a href="Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a> |

1939: <a href="Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a> |

1940–1942: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1943: <a href="George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de Hevesy</a> |

1944: <a href="Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> |

1945: <a href="Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Virtanen</a> |

1946: <a href="James_Batcheller_Sumner" title="James Batcheller Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a> |

1947: <a href="Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a> |

1948: <a href="Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a> |

1949: <a href="William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque">Giauque</a> |

1950: <a href="Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a> |

1951: <a href="Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg</a> |

1952: <a href="Archer_J._P._Martin" title="Archer J. P. Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="Richard_L._M._Synge" title="Richard L. M. Synge">Synge</a> |

1953: <a href="Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a> |

1954: <a href="Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> |

1955: <a href="Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vigneaud</a> |

1956: <a href="Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="Nikolai_Nikolajewitsch_Semjonow" title="Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow">Semjonow</a> |

1957: <a href="Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Todd</a> |

1958: <a href="Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> |

1959: <a href="Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a> |

1960: <a href="Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a> |

1961: <a href="Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a> |

1962: <a href="Max_Ferdinand_Perutz" title="Max Ferdinand Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="John_Cowdery_Kendrew" title="John Cowdery Kendrew">Kendrew</a> |

1963: <a href="Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a> |

1964: <a href="Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> |

1965: <a href="Robert_B._Woodward" title="Robert B. Woodward">Woodward</a> |

1966: <a href="Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a> |

1967: <a href="Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="George_Porter%2C_Baron_Porter_of_Luddenham" title="George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham">Porter</a> |

1968: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Onsager</a> |

1969: <a href="Derek_H._R._Barton" title="Derek H. R. Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a> |

1970: <a href="Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a> |

1971: <a href="Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a> |

1972: <a href="Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a> |

1973: <a href="Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">E. O. Fischer</a>, <a href="Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a> |

1974: <a href="Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a> |

1975: <a href="John_W._Cornforth" title="John W. Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a> |

1976: <a href="William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a> |

1977: <a href="Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a> |

1978: <a href="Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> |

1979: <a href="Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a> |

1980: <a href="Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a> |

1981: <a href="Fukui_Ken%E2%80%99ichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukui Ken’ichi">Fukui</a>, <a href="Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a> |

1982: <a href="Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> |

1983: <a href="Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a> |

1984: <a href="Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a> |

1985: <a href="Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a> |

1986: <a href="Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="John_C._Polanyi" title="John C. Polanyi">Polanyi</a> |

1987: <a href="Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="Charles_Pedersen" title="Charles Pedersen">Pedersen</a> |

1988: <a href="Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a> |

1989: <a href="Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Cech</a> |

1990: <a href="Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a> |

1991: <a href="Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a> |

1992: <a href="Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Marcus</a> |

1993: <a href="Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="Michael_Smith_(Chemiker)" title="Michael Smith (Chemiker)">Smith</a> |

1994: <a href="George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">Olah</a> |

1995: <a href="Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a> |

1996: <a href="Robert_F._Curl" title="Robert F. Curl">Curl</a>, <a href="Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="Richard_E._Smalley" title="Richard E. Smalley">Smalley</a> |

1997: <a href="Paul_Delos_Boyer" title="Paul Delos Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a> |

1998: <a href="Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="John_Anthony_Pople" title="John Anthony Pople">Pople</a> |

1999: <a href="Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a> |

2000: <a href="Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a> |

2001: <a href="William_S._Knowles" title="William S. Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> |

2002: <a href="John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a> |

2003: <a href="Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a> |

2004: <a href="Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a> |

2005: <a href="Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Schrock</a> |

2006: <a href="Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Kornberg</a> |

2007: <a href="Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a> |

2008: <a href="Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a> |

2009: <a href="Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Yonath</a> |

2010: <a href="Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a> |

2011: <a href="Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Shechtman</a> |

2012: <a href="Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a>, <a href="Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a> |

2013: <a href="Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a> |

2014: <a href="Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a> |

2015: <a href="Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a> |

2016: <a href="Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a> |

2017: <a href="Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="Joachim_Frank_(Biologe)" title="Joachim Frank (Biologe)">Frank</a>, <a href="Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a> |

2018: <a href="Frances_H._Arnold" title="Frances H. Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Winter</a> |

2019: <a href="John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a> |

2020: <a href="Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="Jennifer_A._Doudna" title="Jennifer A. Doudna">Doudna</a> |

2021: <a href="Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="David_MacMillan_(Chemiker)" title="David MacMillan (Chemiker)">MacMillan</a> |

2022: <a href="Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a> |

2023: <a href="Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="Alexei_Iwanowitsch_Jekimow" title="Alexei Iwanowitsch Jekimow">Jekimow</a> |

2024: <a href="David_Baker_(Biochemiker)" title="David Baker (Biochemiker)">Baker</a>, <a href="Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">Jumper</a> |

2025: <a href="Susumu_Kitagawa" title="Susumu Kitagawa">Kitagawa</a>, <a href="Richard_Robson_(Chemiker)" title="Richard Robson (Chemiker)">Robson</a>, <a href="Omar_Yaghi" title="Omar Yaghi">Yaghi</a>

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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119321769">119321769</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96029554">n96029554</a></span> | <a href="Web_NDL_Authorities" title="Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001196719">001196719</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186115/">186115</a></span> | </div>

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